Setting monit on your Ubuntu

Monit will watch around the clock in your server and can do the following capabilities :

* Monitoring the running server and have the ability to stop , start and restart
* Send email alerts
* Have the ability to monitor the service depends on the cpu,RAM disk, cut-off values


Install::
/home/ubuntu# apt-get install monit
:/etc/monit/conf.d# /etc/init.d/monit restart
 * Restarting daemon monitor monit     

/etc/monit/conf.d# service monit status
 * monit is running


Monit configuration file :: /etc/monit/monitrc

/etc/monit/conf.d# monit status
monit: error connecting to the monit daemon
You will found this error

Actually Monit has an embedded web server which can be used to view status of
services monitored and manage services from a web interface. So we need to enable apache interface in monit configuration file in order to fix this error.

open /etc/monit/monitrc and add the following lines under enable web server.

set httpd port 2812 and
use address localhost
allow localhost
allow admin:monit

/etc/monit/conf.d# /etc/init.d/monit restart
 * Restarting daemon monitor monit

/etc/monit/conf.d# netstat -lpn | grep 2812
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:2812          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      418/monit


root@ip-172-31-56-245:/etc/monit/conf.d# monit summary
The Monit daemon 5.6 uptime: 0m

Process 'mysqld'                    Running
System 'ip-172-31-56-245.ec2.internal' Running

Check out if mysql service is down on the server.

 /etc/monit/conf.d# service mysql status
mysql stop/waiting

root@ip-172-31-56-245:/etc/monit/conf.d# monit summary
The Monit daemon 5.6 uptime: 1m

Process 'mysqld'                    Does not exist
System 'ip-172-31-56-245.ec2.internal' Running

After 5 minute monit will automatically restart mysql service.

root@ip-172-31-56-245:/etc/monit/conf.d# monit summary
The Monit daemon 5.6 uptime: 5m

Process 'mysqld'                    Running
System 'ip-172-31-56-245.ec2.internal' Running

DROWN - Decrypting RSA using Obsolete and Weakened eNcryption

Here I am describing DROWN vulnerability along with affected Operating systems and steps for identification and remediation:
 
DROWN is a serious vulnerability that affects HTTPS and other services that rely on SSL and TLS, some of the essential cryptographic protocols for Internet security. DROWN allows attackers to break the encryption and read or steal sensitive communications, including passwords, credit card numbers, trade secrets, or financial data. 


Most of the web sites are now vulnerable to DROWN including yahoo , icicibank , snapdeal etc

CVE-2016-0800 , known as DROWN


Vulnerable in:
- SSLv2 (Secure Sockets Layer protocol version 2.0)
- TLS (Transport Layer Security) version (1.0 - 1.2)
- Services which do not use SSLv2 , but share their RSA keys with those services which have SSLv2 support, are also vulnerable.

CVE-2016-0703 : which affected OpenSSL versions prior to 1.0.2a, 1.0.1m, 1.0.0r, and 0.9.8z
CVE-2016-0704 : This issue affected OpenSSL versions 1.0.2, 1.0.1l, 1.0.0q, 0.9.8ze and all
earlier versions.

The following OS versions are now effected to DROWN [ RHEL and CentOS)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4*
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

Obuntu 14 and AWS OS are not affected with DOWN vulnerability.


How to check our server is infected or not:
RedHat is providing a script for this: Download the bash script from here :   https://access.redhat.com/labs/drown/DROWN-test.sh

Or via a website  https://test.drownattack.com

#wget https://access.redhat.com/labs/drown/DROWN-test.sh
#chmod 755 DROWN-test.sh
# ./DROWN-test.sh

WARNING: The installed version of openssl (openssl-1.0.1e-30.el6_6.5) is vulnerable to both general and special DROWN attack and should be upgraded!
See https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/drown for more information.

The installed version of openssl-libs (package openssl-libs is not installed) is not vulnerable to DROWN.

===========================
]# yum info openssl
Installed Packages
Name        : openssl
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 1.0.1e
Release     : 30.el6_6.5
Size        : 4.0 M
Repo        : installed

Available Packages
Name        : openssl
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 1.0.1e
Release     : 42.el6_7.4
================================================

Red Hat patched OpenSSL lists:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4      openssl-0.9.7a-43.23.el4        RHSA-2016:0306
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5      openssl-0.9.8e-39.el5_11        RHSA-2016:0302
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.6   openssl-0.9.8e-12.el5_6.13      RHSA-2016:0304
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.9   openssl-0.9.8e-26.el5_9.5       RHSA-2016:0304
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6      openssl-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4       RHSA-2016:0301
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.2   openssl-1.0.0-20.el6_2.8        RHSA-2016:0303
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4   openssl-1.0.0-27.el6_4.5        RHSA-2016:0303
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5   openssl-1.0.1e-16.el6_5.16      RHSA-2016:0303
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.6   openssl-1.0.1e-30.el6_6.12      RHSA-2016:0305
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7      openssl-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.4       RHSA-2016:0301
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1   openssl-1.0.1e-42.el7_1.10, openssl-1.0.1e-42.ael7b_1.10        RHSA-2016:0305
Red Hat JBoss Web Server 2      openssl Patch Pending
Red Hat JBoss Web Server 3      openssl Patch Pending
Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 openssl Patch Pending


==================================================


Follow the steps below to disable SSLv2 in aws:

- Select your load balancer (EC2 > Load Balancers).
- In the Listeners tab, click "Change" in the Cipher column.
- Ensure that the radio button for "Predefined Security Policy" is selected
- In the dropdown, select the "ELBSecurityPolicy-2015-05" policy.
- Click "Save" to apply the settings to the listener.
- Repeat these steps for each listener that is using HTTPS or SSL for each load balancer.

Fixing the DROWN on your Centos rpm based server.

1. Upgrade openssl
yum update openssl
2. Check for CVE information after openssl upgrade
rpm -qa openssl --changelog | grep CVE-2016-0800

OR

You can once again run the DROWN scripts from RedHat

 

A patched system will show

 [/usr/local/src]# ./DROWN-test.sh
The installed version of openssl (openssl-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4.x86_64) is not known to be vulnerable to DROWN.

SAR [Specific Absorption Rate]

Now everyone interested to buy Smart Phones. We are also known to the excess usage of these phones will cause health issues.

Here the most important thing you may need to understand the SAR value rate for your phone. This will give you a clearer picture of the amount of radio frequency energy absorbed by the body when using a mobile phone.

The neutral value is calculated as 1.6 watts per kilogram (1.6 W/kg). So the value below this number will be considered as safe [ actually not 100%].

You can check Radiation level on your smart phone by dialing *#07#

So the main advantage of using Apple iPhone is its low SAR Value, it's below 0.01

shred and scrub

Scrub and shred commands are useful when you are installing Linux/Unix operating systems , when the previous tech/person has used windows or other copyright softwares on that drive.

We don't know what are the pirated software, whether he/she has installed on the disk. It would be better to wipe out all data , so that the third party recovery (Micro-Soft inspections, etc )makes them very difficult.



 wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/scrub/scrub_2.2-2_amd64.deb
 
dpkg -i scrub_2.2-2_amd64.deb

Command:
 scrub -p dod -f /dev/

  root@Ajeesh-desktop:~# scrub -p dod -f /dev/sdb1
scrub: using DoD 5220.22-M patterns
scrub: please verify that device size below is correct!
scrub: scrubbing /dev/sdb1 75391565824 bytes (~70GB)
scrub: random  |................................................|
scrub: 0x00    |................................................|
scrub: 0xff    |................................................|
scrub: verify  |................................................|
root@Ajeesh-desktop:~#

named.run using huge size

On a cpanel server we can see /var/named/data/named.run is using huge size. This is a log file and we can safely truncate this file.

cd /var/named/data
[/var/named/data]#  >named.run

exit from mysql shell

Sometimes you may struck in the mysql shell and you cannot exit from the shell using /q or exit command.

Solution:
use single quotes and then quit from your mysql console.

`> \q
`>
`> ;


'> ''' ( use 3 single quotes)
 -> \q
Bye
[root@test ~]#

phpMyAdmin installation

Steps:

cd /usr/local/src/

wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmyadmin/files/phpMyAdmin/4.2.5/phpMyAdmin-4.2.5-all-languages.tar.gz

tar -xzvf phpMyAdmin-4.2.5-all-languages.tar.gz 

mv phpMyAdmin-4.2.5-all-languages /home/ajeesh/public_html/

cd /home/ajeesh/public_html/

mv phpMyAdmin-4.2.5-all-languages phpMyAdmin

cd phpMyAdmin

mkdir config

chmod o+rw config

cp config.inc.php config/ (For migration we need to copy this file and access the web panel, for new installation just visit the web panel and the config file will create automatically.)

: Web Panel access http://ajeesh.com/phpMyAdmin/setup/

Error:

[Fri Jul 18 00:31:06 2014] [error] [client IP] File does not exist: /home/ajeesh/public_html/favicon.ico

[Fri Jul 18 00:31:07 2014] [error] [client IP] PHP Fatal error:  Call to undefined function mb_detect_encoding() in /home/ajeesh/public_html/phpMyAdmin/libraries/php-gettext/gettext.inc on line 177

Fix:

yum install php-mbstring

yum install php-mcrypt

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

mv config/config.inc.php /home/ajeesh/public_html/phpMyAdmin/

chmod 644 config.inc.php

rm -rf setup

Latest phpMyadmin needs mysql5.5 version. So I have updated the latest version using the following steps:

rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm

yum --enablerepo=remi list mysql mysql-server

yum --enablerepo=remi upgrade mysql mysql-server